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Instrumental Variables
Diagram: Instrument shifts treatment but affects outcome only through treatment
State relevance, exclusion, monotonicity, and the estimand before interpreting an IV estimate.
Path-family build plan
EconomicsPath presents economics as a methodological field with econometrics as the spine: identification under named assumptions, the credibility revolution and its modern machine-learning extension, policy-relevant subfields, and the history of economic thought that ties them together.
Layer 0
Give learners precise language for high-search economics concepts without becoming a popular-economics blog.
Layer 1
Teach causal identification as the central methodological question in applied economics.
Layer 2
Bridge modern ML methods into econometric interpretation without blurring causality and prediction.
Layer 3
Map micro, macro, public, labor, development, trade, IO, health, urban, and environmental economics.
Layer 4
Cover behavioral, experimental, institutional, ecological, feminist, Marxian, and post-Keynesian research programs with source discipline.
Layer 5
Help serious learners read economics papers, build field lists, and understand doctoral-training milestones without claiming to replace them.
Layer 1 / tier 1
Diagram: Instrument shifts treatment but affects outcome only through treatment
State relevance, exclusion, monotonicity, and the estimand before interpreting an IV estimate.
Layer 1 / tier 1
Diagram: Outcome on both sides of a treatment cutoff with a local jump
Compare sharp and fuzzy RD assumptions near the cutoff.
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Diagram: Treatment and control trends before and after policy adoption
Name the parallel-trends assumption and two ways it can fail.
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Diagram: Weighted donor pool matching a treated unit before intervention
Explain what pre-treatment fit can and cannot justify.
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Diagram: RCT, IV, RD, DiD, and synthetic-control designs around an estimand
Classify an empirical paper by its identification strategy.
Layer 2 / tier 1
Diagram: Nuisance models feeding an orthogonal score
Separate the nuisance-prediction task from the target causal parameter.
Layer 2 / tier 1
Diagram: Feature splits designed to estimate treatment-effect heterogeneity
Distinguish prediction of outcomes from estimation of conditional treatment effects.
Layer 0 / tier 2
Diagram: Expenditure components flowing into national output
Classify transactions as consumption, investment, government spending, or net exports.
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Diagram: Study population, target population, and transfer conditions
Name why a clean local estimate may not identify the policy target elsewhere.
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Diagram: Coursework, comprehensive exam, field sequence, dissertation proposal
Compare comp-exam requirements across named programs without overgeneralizing.